Stainless steel medieval 2
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The steel was often much higher in carbon content and in quality (lacking impurities) in comparison with other methods of steel production of the time because of the use of fluxes. This often resulted in an intricate pattern when the steel was forged, filed or polished, with possibly the most well-known examples coming from the wootz steel used in Damascus swords. This generally produced a very hard steel, but also a composite steel that was inhomogeneous, consisting of a very high-carbon steel (formerly the pig-iron) and a lower-carbon steel (formerly the wrought iron). Crucible steel of this type was produced in South and Central Asia during the medieval era. However, pig iron, having a higher carbon content and thus a lower melting point, could be melted, and by soaking wrought iron or steel in the liquid pig-iron for a long time, the carbon content of the pig iron could be reduced as it slowly diffused into the iron. In ancient times steel and iron were impossible to melt using charcoal or coal fires, which could not produce temperatures high enough.
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(Moshtagh Khorasani, 2006, 506)Ĭrucible steel is steel made by melting pig iron ( cast iron), iron, and sometimes steel, often along with sand, glass, ashes, and other fluxes, in a crucible. "Kirk nardeban" pattern of a sword blade made of crucible steel, Zand period: 1750–1794, Iran.